How to classify things is a problem in both estimating and accounting software. It’s particularly difficult for job cost accounting. Expenses come in randomly, and you have to match them to vendors, jobs and categories.
One important principle in interface design is that people can recognize something much faster than they can recall it. It’s one reason why buffets are popular. No need to remember General Tso’s name. Just scoop and eat.
Typically, software uses popup buttons for list choices. You click, see the list, and then choose what you like. However, that approach doesn’t work well for long lists (over 30 items). They get too hard to navigate. Popups also require a mouse-click, which is inconvenient when data entering from a keyboard.
Bruce Tognazzini, the author of Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines, proposed a solution to both problems in the early 1990s. It’s a text field you can tab into. But, when you type, it shows a scrolling list, and jumps to the nearest match. Tab out or hit the enter key, and it selects that item. If you’re not sure what to type, you can also click and scroll until you see what you want. He called it a disambiguating field. At the time, FileMaker had a lookup field that was sorta like that, but his version was better.
In our older MacNail software, we didn’t even have popup menus. Users had to type in a number or letter code to do job costing. Finding a better way to handle long lists of jobs or categories was one reason why we abandoned Excel, and built a stand-alone app in C++. We copied Apple’s specs but called them clairvoyant fields, slightly less vague than disambiguating.
Programming clairvoyants required a text field, plus a temporary table for the list, plus a popup button to choose items with a mouse click. Interactions between them were complicated. Users could do many things with the mouse or keyboard, and the code had to handle them all. Lists might contain thousands of items, so it was challenging to get decent performance on 1990s hardware. We spent a full programmer-year getting clairvoyant fields to work right.
Since that time, both Macintosh and Windows have added a combo box control. It’s almost identical to the original disambiguating field, so we were delighted that we could use them for Goldenseal Pro. Kinda like, we had to build them from scratch back in the 90s, but now you can buy them at Walmart.
It took a few hours to get combo boxes working on Windows. A few days for Macintosh, but we ran into a problem. If you typed something not in the list, it just added that text. OK for some uses, but not for job cost accounting. You don’t want to start posting expenses to the Snith job just because you made a typo.
Apple’s web page for combo boxes said it was possible to restrict them to existing items. Our staff couldn’t find sample code to do that, and couldn’t figure how to make them work right. Eventually we built a replacement from a text field, temporary table and popup button, just like before.
Doing it that way was still just as complicated. Three or four times we got frustrated, and went back to the Cocoa combo box to try again. Then we kept reverting, and gradually perfected the built-from-scratch version.
A few weeks ago, we posted to Apple’s Cocoa-dev mailing asking for help. Unfortunately, nobody there knew how to make them work right, either. Almost everyone insisted we should use popup buttons instead of a combo box. Out of desperation, we actually tried popups as suggested, but most of their old flaws still remain.
So, the dream of easy Mac combo boxes was just a dream. Windows has a simple yes/no option to restrict to existing, and you’d think that Cocoa would do the same. But, nope.
Building combo boxes from scratch has taken some time. Fortunately, after a couple more weeks of effort, they are working well. Unfortunately, they will look slightly different between Mac and Windows, and we may need to give them different names.
Dennis Kolva
Programming Director
TurtleSoft.com